![]() ![]() These oxides are smelted to produce what is known as pig iron, the base material for cast iron. Mining operations extract the element from iron ore and oxides such as magnetite, hematite, limonite, goethite and siderite which contain high levels of iron. These specialized alloys are becoming increasingly common in the industrial world.Īlthough pure iron is found only in meteorites, the element is one of the most abundant on Earth making up 5% of the crust and 35% of the total mass. In addition to these two types, iron foundries and metallurgical engineers continue to develop more malleable and ductile irons that exhibit the beneficial characteristics of cast iron, but with significant reductions to brittleness due to a spheroid rather than flaked internal structure. Grey iron castings on the other hand are produced through the slow cooling of high carbon iron alloys and are less brittle allowing their use as crankshafts, support beams, engine blocks and more. These are used in a number of wear applications such as slurry pumps, liners, grinding mills and pulverizers. White iron has a low carbon content and is cooled at a fast rate to produce a brittle cast part with good hardness and abrasion resistance. The main differences between the two are silicone content and cooling times, both of which have a significant impact on the physical and mechanical behavior of the alloy. White iron, however, has small white deposits of cementite rather than being completely pallid. The former has a graphitic structure, the deflection of which provides the namesake color on fracture surfaces. There are two predominant types of cast iron, those being grey iron and white iron.
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